A (More or Less) Complete List of State Statutes Invalidating Forum Selection Clauses

Alabama

Consumer Lease—ALA. CODE § 7-2A-106(2) (2021)

Foreign Law—ALA. CONST., art. I, § 13.50(e) (2021)

Heavy Equipment Dealer—ALA. CODE § 8-21B-13 (2021)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—ALA. CODE § 8-20-4(3)(m)(4) (2021)

Alaska

Consumer Lease—ALASKA STAT. ANN. § 45.12.106(b) (West 2020)

Student Loan Contract—ALASKA STAT. ANN. § 14.48.160(a)(4) (West 2020)

Arizona

Construction Contract—ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-1186(A)(1); ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 34-227; ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-2583 (LexisNexis 2021)

Consumer Lease—ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. § 47-2A106(B) (2021)

Equipment Dealer Contract—ARIZ. REV. STAT § 44-6709(B) (2021)

Arkansas

Construction Contract—ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-56-104(c); ARK. CODE ANN. § 22-9-214(c) (2020)

Consumer Automobile Purchase—ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-75-413(a)(2) (2020)

Consumer Lease—ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-2A-106(2) (2020)

Foreign Law—ARK. CODE ANN. §1-1-103(c)-(d)(1) (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—ARK. CODE ANN. § 23-112-403(b)(1)(B) (2020)

Restaurant Franchise—ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-72-603(c) (2020)

Sales Representatives—ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-70-302(c) (2020)

California

Beer Manufacturer/Wholesaler Agreement—CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 25000.6(a) (West 2021)

Child Support Contract—CAL. FAM. CODE § 5614(b)(7) (West 2021)

Construction Contract—CAL. CIV. PROC. CODE § 410.42(a) (West 2021)

Consumer Contract—CAL. CIV. PROC. CODE § 116.225 (West 2021)

Consumer Lease—CAL. COM. CODE § 10106(b) (West 2021)

Consumer Credit—CAL. CIV. PROC. CODE § 116.225 (West 2021)

Employment Agreement—CAL. LAB. CODE § 925(a)(1) (West 2021)

Equipment Dealer Contract—CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 22927 (West 2021)

Franchise Agreement—CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 20040.5 (West 2021)

Colorado

Consumer Credit—COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. § 5-1-201(8)(c) (West 2021)

Consumer Lease—COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. § 4-2.5-106(2) (West 2021)

Foreclosure—COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. 6-1-1106(1)(c) (West 2021)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—COLO. REV. STAT. § 44-20-132(1)(a) (2021)

Connecticut

Consumer Lease—CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 42a-2A-106(b) (West 2021)

Construction Contract—CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 42-158m (West 2021)

Franchise Agreement—CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 42-133f(f) (West 2021)

Delaware

Consumer Lease—DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 6, § 2A-106(2) (2021)

Foreclosure – DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 6, § 2424B (2021)

Statutory Trust – DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 12, § 3804(e) (2021)

Florida

Construction Contract—FLA. STAT. ANN. § 47.025 (West 2020); Fla. Stat. Ann. § 255.05(1)(e) (West 2020) (for public buildings)

Consumer Lease—FLA. STAT. ANN. § 680.1061(2) (West 2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—FLA. STAT. ANN. § 320.64(31)(a) (West 2020)

Transfer of Liens to Security—FLA. STAT. ANN. § 713.24(3) (West 2020)

Georgia

Consumer Lease—GA. CODE ANN. § 11-2A-106(2) (2021)

High-Cost Home Loan—GA. CODE ANN. § 7-6A-5(6) (2021); GA. CODE ANN. § 7-6A-7(g) (2021)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—GA. CODE ANN. § 10-1-623 (2021)

Payday Lending Transaction—GA. CODE ANN. 16-17-2(c)(1) (2021)

Hawaii

Consumer Credit—HAW. REV. STAT. ANN. § 476-30(f)(4) (LexisNexis 2021)

Consumer Lease—HAW. REV. STAT. ANN. § 490:2A-106(b) (LexisNexis 2021)

Insurance—HAW. REV. STAT. ANN. § 431:10-221(a)(2) (LexisNexis 2021)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—HAW. REV. STAT. ANN. § 437-52(a)(1) (LexisNexis2021)

Idaho

Consumer Credit—IDAHO CODE § 28-41-201(8)(c) (2020)

Consumer Lease—IDAHO CODE ANN. § 28-12-106(2) (West 2021)

General Prohibition— IDAHO CODE ANN. § 29-110 (West 2021)

Illinois

Construction Contract—815 ILL. COMP. STAT. ANN. 665/10 (West 2021)

Consumer Lease—810 ILL. COMP. STAT. ANN. 5/2A-106(2) (West 2021)

Franchise Agreement—815 ILL. COMP. STAT. ANN. 705/4 (West 2021)

Indiana

Construction Contract—IND. CODE ANN. § 32-28-3-17(2) (West 2021)

Consumer Credit—IND. CODE ANN. § 24-4.5-1-201(6)(c) (West 2021)

Consumer Lease—IND. CODE ANN. § 26-1-2.1-106(2) (West 2021)

Franchise Agreement—IND. CODE ANN. § 23-2-2.7-1(10) (West 2021)

Iowa

Construction Contract—IOWA CODE § 537A.6 (2020)

Consumer Credit—IOWA CODE ANN. § 537.1201(6)(a)(4) (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—IOWA CODE ANN. § 554.13106(2) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—IOWA CODE ANN. § 523H.3 (West 2020); IOWA CODE ANN. § 537A.10(3) (West 2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—IOWA CODE ANN. § 322A.19 (West 2020)

Transfer on Death Security Registration—IOWA CODE ANN. § 633D.8(7) (West 2020)

Kansas

Construction Contract—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 16-121(e) (West 2020)

Consumer Credit—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 16a-1-201(8)(c) (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 84-2a-106(2) (West 2020)

Dealer Agreement—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 16-121(e) (West 2020)

Foreign Law—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 60-5105(b) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 16-121(e) (West 2020)

Motor Carrier Transportation Contract—KAN. STAT. ANN. § 16-121(e) (West 2020)

Kentucky

Consumer Lease—KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 355.2A-106(2) (West 2021)

Louisiana

Child Support Contract—LA. STAT. ANN. §51:1444(B)(1) (2020)

Construction Contract—LA. STAT. ANN. § 9:2779(B)(1) (2020); LA. STAT. ANN. § 38:2196(B)(1) (2020) (for public contracts); LA. STAT. ANN. § 48:251.8(1) (2020) (for public highway contracts)

Consumer Credit—LA. STAT. ANN. § 9:3511(C)(2) (2020)

Consumer Transaction—LA. STAT. ANN. § 51:1418(C) (2020)

Employment Agreement—LA. STAT. ANN. § 23:921(A)(2) (2020)

Foreign Law—LA. STAT. ANN. § 9:6001(E) (2020)

General Prohibition—LA. CODE CIV. PROC. ANN. art. 44 (2020)

Insurance Contract—LA. STAT. ANN. § 22:868(A)(2) (2020)

Lease of Movable Property—LA. STAT. ANN. § 9:3303(F)(2) (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—LA. STAT. ANN. § 32:1261(A)(1)(a)(v) (2020)

Out-of-State Telephone Solicitor—LA. STAT. ANN. § 51:1407(A) (2020)

Maine

Consumer Credit—ME. REV. STAT. tit. 9-A, § 1-201(8)(C) (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—ME. REV. STAT. tit. 11, § 2-1106(2) (West 2020)

Residential Mortgage Loan—ME. REV. STAT. tit. 9-A, § 8-506(6)(I) (West 2020)

Maryland

Consumer Lease—MD. CODE ANN., COM. LAW § 2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Foreclosure—MD. CODE ANN., REAL PROP. § 7-310(b) (West 2020)

Insurance—MD. CODE ANN., INS. § 12-209(4) (West 2020)

Massachusetts

Consumer Lease—MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. ch. 106, § 2A-106(2) (West 2020)

High-Cost Home Loan—MASS. ANN. LAWS ch. 183C, § 13 (LexisNexis 2021)

Insurance—MASS. ANN. LAWS CH. 175, § 22 (LexisNexis 2021)

Michigan

Consumer Lease—MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 440.2806(2) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 445.1527(f) (West 2020)

Model Choice of Forum Act—MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 600.745(3) (West 2020)

Minnesota

Construction Contract—MINN. STAT. ANN. § 337.10(1) (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—MINN. STAT. ANN. § 336.2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Consumer Short-term Loan—MINN. STAT. ANN. § 47.601(2)(a)(2) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—MINN. R. 2860.4400(J) (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—MINN. STAT. ANN. § 80E.135(1) (West 2020)

Mississippi

Construction Contract—MISS. CODE. ANN. § 87-7-9(1) (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—MISS. CODE. ANN. § 75-2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—MISS. CODE. ANN. § 75-77-17 (West 2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—MISS. CODE. ANN. § 75-77-17 (West 2020)

General Retailer Agreement—MISS. CODE. ANN. § 75-77-17 (West 2020)

Missouri

Consumer Lease—MO. ANN. STAT. § 400.2A-106(2) (West 2021)

Structured Settlement—MO. ANN. Stat. § 407.1066(4) (West 2021)

Montana

Consumer Lease—MONT. CODE ANN. § 30-2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Construction Contract—MONT. CODE ANN. § 28-2-2116(1) (West 2020)

General Prohibition—MONT. CODE ANN. § 28-2-708 (West 2020)

Timeshare Agreement—MONT. CODE ANN. § 37-53-306(3) (West 2020)

Nebraska

Construction Contract—NEB. REV. STAT. § 45-1209(3) (2019)

Consumer Lease—NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Foreclosure—NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 76-2715(3) (West 2020)

Model Choice of Forum Act—NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 25-415 (West 2020)

Student Loan Contract—NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 85-1645(4) (West 2020)

Nevada

Construction Contract—NEV. REV. STAT. ANN. § 108.2453(2)(d) (West 2020)

Consumer Contract—NEV. REV. STAT. § 97B.100(2) (2019)

Consumer Credit—NEV. REV. STAT. § 97B.100(2) (2019)

Consumer Lease—NEV. REV. STAT. ANN. § 104A.2106(2) (West 2020)

Student Loan Contract—NEV. REV. STAT. ANN. § 394.590(1)(d) (West 2020)

New Hampshire

Consumer Lease—N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 382-A:2A-106(2) (2020)

Model Choice of Forum Act—N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 508-A:3 (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 357-C:3(1-b)(p)(2) (2020); N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 357-C:6(III) (2020)

Sales Representatives—N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 339-E:2(III)

New Jersey

Consumer Lease—N.J. STAT. ANN. § 12A:2A-106(2) (West 2020)

Franchise Agreement—N.J. STAT. ANN. § 56:10-10 (West 2020)

High-Cost Home Loan—N.J. STAT. ANN. § 46:10B-26(e) (West 2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—N.J. STAT. ANN. § 56:10-7.3(a)(2) (West 2020)

New Mexico

Construction Contract—N.M. STAT. ANN. § 57-28A-1(A)(2) (2020)

Consumer Lease—N.M. STAT. ANN. § 55-2A-106(2)-(3) (2020)

Foreclosure—N.M. STAT. ANN. § 47-15-5(G)(3) (2020)

Health Care Practitioner Employment Agreement—N.M. STAT. ANN. § 24-1I-2(B)(2) (2020)

High-Cost Home Loan—N.M. STAT. ANN. § 58-21A-5(C) (2020)

New York

Construction Contract—N.Y. GEN. BUS. LAW § 757(1) (2020)

Consumer Lease—N.Y. U.C.C. LAW § 2-A-106(2) (2014)

North Carolina

Construction Contract—N.C. GEN. STAT. § 22B-2 (1995)

Consumer Lease—N.C. GEN. STAT. § 25-2A-106(2) (1993)

Foreign Law—N.C. GEN. STAT. § 1-87.17 (2013)

General Prohibition—N.C. GEN. STAT. § 22B-3 (1995)

Insurance Contract—N.C. GEN. STAT. § 58-3-35(a) (2020)

North Dakota

Consumer Lease—N.D. CENT. CODE § 41-02.1-06(2) (2019)

Model Choice of Forum Act—N.D. CENT. CODE § 28-04.1-03 (2019)

Ohio

Construction Contract—OHIO REV. CODE ANN. § 4113.62(D)(2) (LexisNexis 2020)

Consumer Lease—OHIO REV. CODE ANN. § 1310.04(B) (LexisNexis 2020)

General Franchise—OHIO REV. CODE ANN. § 1334.06(E) (LexisNexis 2020)

Oklahoma

Construction Contract—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 15, § 821(B)(1) (2019); OKLA. STAT. TIT. 15, § 221(E) (2019); OKLA. STAT. TIT. 61, § 227(B)(1) (2019) (for public highway contracts)

Consumer Credit—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 14A, § 1-201(9)(c) (2019)

Consumer Lease—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 12A, § 2A-106(2) (2019)

Deferred Deposit Lending Agreement—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 59, § 3150.12(E)(1)(c) (2019)

Foreign Law—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 12 § 20 (2019)

General Prohibition—OKLA. STAT. TIT. 15, § 216 (2019)

Oregon

Construction Contract—OR. REV. STAT. § 701.640(1)(a) (2019)

Consumer Contract—OR. REV. STAT. § 81.150(2) (2019)

Consumer Lease—OR. REV. STAT. § 72A.1060(2) (2019)

Foreclosure—OR. REV. STAT. § 646A.710(2)(d) (2019)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—OR. REV. STAT.§ 650.165(2) (2019)

Pennsylvania

Construction Contract—73 PA. STAT. AND CONS. ANN. § 514 (West 2020)

Consumer Lease—13 PA. STAT. AND CONS. STAT. § 2A106(b) (2020)

Rhode Island

Construction Contract—6 R.I. GEN. LAWS. ANN. § 6-34.1-1(a) (2021)

Consumer Lease—6A R.I. GEN. LAWS § 6A-2.1-106(2) (2021)

Franchise Agreement—19 R.I. GEN. LAWS ANN. § 19-28.1-14 (2021)

Home Loan—34 R.I. GEN. LAWS ANN. § 34-25.2-5(e) (2021)

Insurance—R.I. GEN. LAWS ANN. § 27-4-13 (2021)

South Carolina

Consumer Credit—S.C. CODE ANN. § 37-1-201(10)(d) (2020)

Consumer Lease—S.C. CODE ANN. § 36-2A-106(2) (2020)

General Prohibition—S.C. CODE ANN. § 15-7-120(A) (2020)

South Dakota

Consumer Lease— S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 57A-2A-106(2) (2020)

Franchise Agreement—S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 37-5-11 (2020)

General Prohibition—S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 53-9-6 (2020)

Insurance Contract—S.D. Codified Laws § 58-15-50 (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise – S.D. Codified Laws § 32-6B-49.1(2) (2020)

Tennessee

Construction Contract—TENN. CODE ANN. § 66-11-208(a) (2020)

Consumer Contract—TENN. CODE ANN. § 47-18-113(b) (2020)

Consumer Lease—TENN. CODE ANN. § 47-2A-106(2) (2020)

Deferred Presentment Services Agreement—TENN. CODE ANN. § 45-17-112(s)(1)(B) (2020)

Franchise Agreement—TENN. CODE ANN. § 47-25-1312 (2020)

Foreign Law—TENN. CODE ANN. § 20-15-104(a) (2020)

Model Choice of Forum Act—Dyersburg Mach. Works, Inc. v. Rentenbach Eng’g Co., 650 S.W.2d 378, 380 (Tenn. 1983)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—TENN. CODE ANN. § 47-25-1913(b) (2020)

Student Loan Contract—TENN. CODE ANN. § 49-7-2015(a)(2)(D) (2020)

Texas

Construction Contract—TEX. BUS. & COM. CODE ANN. § 272.001(b) (West 2019)

Consumer Lease—TEX. BUS. & COM. CODE ANN. § 2A.106(b) (West 2019)

Sales Representatives—TEX. BUS. & COM. CODE § 54.002(c)

Utah

Construction Contract—UTAH CODE ANN. § 13-8-3(2) (LexisNexis 2020)

Consumer Lease—UTAH CODE ANN. § 70A-2a-106(2) (LexisNexis 2020)

Insurance—UTAH CODE ANN. § 31A-21-314(2)(b) (LexisNexis 2020)

Vermont

Agricultural Finance Lease—VT. STAT. ANN. TIT. 9, § 2389(b) (2020)

Consumer Lease—VT. STAT. ANN. TIT. 9A, § 2A-106(2) (2020)

Credit Card Terminal Finance Lease—VT. STAT. ANN. TIT. 9, § 2482i(5)(A) (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—VT. STAT. ANN. TIT. 9, § 4100a(b) (2020); VT. STAT. ANN. TIT. 9 § 4097(15)(B) (2020)

Virginia

Construction Contract—VA. CODE ANN. § 8.01-262.1(A) (2020)

Consumer Lease—VA. CODE ANN. § 8.2A-106(2) (2020)

Insurance—VA. CODE ANN. § 38.2-312 (2020)

Washington

Actions by or Against Counties—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 36.01.050 (2020)

Consumer Lease—WASH. REV. CODE § 62A.2A-106(2) (2020)

Insurance Contract—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 48.18.200(1)(b) (2020)

Motor Vehicle Franchise—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 46.96.240 (2020)

Student Loan Contract—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 28B.85.140(4) (2020); WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 28C.10.170(4) (2020)

Timeshare Agreement—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 64.36.120(3) (2020)

Sales Representatives—WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 49.48.160(1)

West Virginia

Consumer Lease—W. VA. CODE § 46-2A-106(2) (2020)

Wisconsin

Construction Contract—WIS. STAT. ANN. § 779.135(2) (2020)

Consumer Contract—WIS. STAT. ANN. § 421.201(10)(c) (2020)

Consumer Credit—WIS. STAT. § 421.201(10)(c) (2020)

Consumer Lease—WIS. STAT. § 411.106(2) (2020)

Insurance Contract—WIS. STAT. ANN. § 631.83(3)(b)

Wyoming

Consumer Lease—WYO. STAT. ANN. § 34.1-2.A-106(b) (2020)

Consumer Credit—WYO. STAT. ANN. § 40-14-120(j)(iii) (2020)